Engineer's Introduction(1)

 

Engineer's Introduction(1)

Cell

The mobile refers to a unmarried battery. There many exclusive shapes and sizes for a cell primarily based on the chemistry. Most typically used chemistry is the Lead-Acid Batteries and Lithium Batteries. These batteries are to be had in many different shapes like cylindrical, Coin, Prismatic and Flat type few of which might be shown below.

The voltage rating of the cells (according to cell) might be everywhere from 3.7V for a lithium batteries and a maximum of 12V for Lead-Acid batteries. But, as you may have guessed this voltage isn't sufficient to run an electric powered automobile. The Tesla for instance has a battery % voltage of 356 Voltas and even for a everyday electric powered bi-cycle we need at least 36V so how can we get this better voltage from lithium cells that are handiest 3.7V?

Battery Module

So to get the higher voltage from three.7v lithium cells, battery-operated packs are used which can be fashioned by means of combining more than one battery together.  When two batteries are related in series their voltage scores is delivered and when  batteries are linked in parallel their Ah score is delivered. For example assume we've got 3.7V 2000mAh Lithium batteries. If you join  of those in collection the ensuing gadget is known as a module and this module will have 7.4V 2000mAh. Likewise if we join  of these in parallel the resulting module may be 3.7V 4000mAh.

A single lithium cellular voltage and Ah score isn't always sufficient to pressure an EV, so those cells are connected in collection and parallel configuration to growth the ensuing system voltage. This p.C. Is referred to as as a module.  For those who are new to batteries the time period Ah might be confusing there are lot of such parameters related to batteries which we will cowl in a separate article.  For now you could consider Ah as the gasoline variety of an EV greater the Ah more the mileage we will get out of the EV.

Battery Pack

Once the machine Voltage and Ah score is acquired by means of combining numerous modules in series and parallel configuration this set-up should be positioned in the EV. But it isn't so smooth; the purpose is -its complexity. Lithium cells are risky in nature any mishap like quick circuit or extra charging or discharging could make there batteries get particularly warm main to fire or explosion.  So the voltage present and temperature of each mobile should be monitored for a secure operation. The duty of monitoring the cells in the course of the charging and discharging procedure is given to the circuit known as Battery Management system or BMS for short. We gets deep into it later.

So, as soon as the battery modulus is prepared it ought to be linked to the BMS and a cooling gadget for secure operation of battery. The complete set-up is stored in a metallic casing to prevent mechanical harm. This whole association along side the BMS, cooling machine casing and the battery modules all together is called as a Battery Pack of a automobile. These packs will usually be large and occupy the whole ground regions of an EV as shown inside the picture beneath, taken from wikipedia. This photo is of the Nissan Leaf cut 1/2 manner with the intention to provide an concept.

Battery Management System (BMS)

Now that we have acknowledged about Batteries in EV the observe up would be to understand about battery Management gadget. A BMS is like the brain or concierge of batteries, as we saw in advance there are numerous batteries in an EV and every battery needs to be monitored to make sure protection. For Lead Acid batteries BMS is not obligatory although some people use it however for Lithium cells due to its risky nature BMS will become crucial.

Almost all lithium cells include their personal protection circuit if they're used in client electronics. This is because if they're now not handled nicely, like overcharging or over discharging then the battery might get warm and can even burn. The circuit actually video display units the cellular voltage or modern-day and breaks the relationship to the weight if it exceeds safe limits. There are a number of ways for doing this which we can speak in a separate article. Although if you want to learn greater about lithium batteries then take a look at this article.

Every BMS measures simplest 3 critical parameters of the battery which are the Voltage, modern and Temperate of the cellular. It continuously compares those values with protection limits and disconnects the weight if they exceed the threshold values. Apart from protection reason the BMS is also used for a few computational purpose, like measuring the SOC and SOH of a battery.

SOC stands for Gorge of Charge and SOH stands for State of fitness. Unlike an ICE Car the quantity of gas left in the battery can not be measured by means of immediately observe it. Some humans even suppose that measuring the voltage throughout the terminals of the battery can give you the battery capability, nicely it’s now not proper and it isn't that clean. Similarly SOH gives the life anticipation of the battery. Both SOC and SOH are critical facts for a customer due to the fact that SOC tells you ways far you could force before recharge and SOH tells you while it’s time to replace your series. It is the duty the BMS to degree each these parameters. How does this measuring take location is completely a one-of-a-kind story and we are able to cover in a separate article.

BMS circuits are frequently complex, a simple 4 Cell Lithium BMS is shown in the image underneath. Imagine the BMS of a vehicle that has to reveal around 7000 mobile.

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